By Caroline Valetkevitch and Noel Randewich NEW YORK (Reuters) – The S&P 500 closed higher on Thursday on optimism that borrowing rates will decrease next year following a dovish pivot by the Federal Reserve. Trading was mixed for much of the session, with Apple giving up gains after hitting an intraday record high. Tesla shares surged, with over $37 billion worth changing hands. Sectors that have underperformed this year also rose, including energy and real estate. According to preliminary data, the S&P 500 gained 12.37 points, or 0.26%, to end at 4,719.46 points, while the Nasdaq Composite g…