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Every year, more than 2 billion tons of waste are produced in the European Union – equivalent to 4.8 tons per person. In 2021, most of that waste went to landfill and incineration, according to the European Environment Agency (EEA). The EU wants to double the proportion of materials used in the economy that come from recycling by 2030, relative to the 2020 rate. This proportion is known as the circular material use rate (CMUR). “We are still far from the ambition to double the [European] Union’s circularity rate by 2030,” the EEA said, adding that there was a “low or moderate likelihood” that …

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