The Standard Model of particle physics is the cornerstone theory that elegantly encapsulates our understanding of the fundamental forces and particles that constitute the universe. Think of it as a sort of Periodic Table for particle physics. This model categorizes all known subatomic particles, including six types of quarks, six types of leptons (such as the electron), and force-carrying particles like photons for electromagnetism, gluons for the strong force, and W and Z bosons for the weak force. Protons and neutrons are not part of the Standard Model because they are bigger particles made …