CHICAGO — The U.S. Supreme Court on Monday denied a Republican state lawmaker’s request for review of a ruling from Illinois’ high court that upheld the state’s sweeping gun ban, essentially closing the door on one of numerous legal challenges to the law. The U.S. Supreme Court’s denial of state Rep. Dan Caulkins’ request for review was issued without comment and comes less than a month after Justice Amy Coney Barrett declined to put the law on hold ahead of a Jan. 1 deadline for gun owners to register banned weapons they owned before the law took effect on Jan. 10, 2023. The high court also l…