JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. — In its first test Wednesday, the Missouri Senate’s new Freedom Caucus fell short. Less than a week after celebrating the launch of their new alliance, the splinter faction of hard-line Republican senators failed to enact changes in how the Missouri Senate conducts its business. Led by gubernatorial candidate Bill Eigel, a senator, members of the newly formed coalition were unable to muster outside support for a new Senate rule that would require last-minute changes to legislation to be set aside for 24 hours in order to give lawmakers more time to study the language. Eige…