Recent studies indicate that 15% to 45% of Russian emigrants have returned to Russia reversing the brain drain that began following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. There have been two large waves of emigration. The first occurred immediately following the invasion in February 2022 as conscientious objects left the country due to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s unprovoked aggression. The second wave occurred after the Kremlin announced apartial mobilisation in September 2022 to shore up the faltering military campaign that saw Russia’s army routed in the Kharkiv offensive, where the Ar…